Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay Introduction The Systems Approach is one of the methodological trend in modern science that was born of the need to find a way out of the crisis in scientific knowledge. It was initially developed in the areas of industry
Image by mohamed Hassan from Pixabay Introduction Programmed Instruction or Programmed Learning emerged out of the research conducted by B. F. Skinner on Operant Conditioning. There are several efforts have been made earlier by some people in this direction. The Law of Effect propounded by E.
Image by Rajesh Sharma from Pixabay Introduction According to its wider concept, Education is called a dynamic process. This process starts from the birth of a child and continues till his death. In other words, it can be said that process of education goes on
Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay Introduction Learning is defined as a process which brings relatively permanent changes in the behaviour of a learner through experiences or practices. In Operant Conditioning , learning is dependent on its consequences. Behaviours which are reinforced are likely to
Image by mohamed Hassan from Pixabay Introduction Advanced Organiser Model is designed by David Ausubel to strengthen student’s cognitive structures. This model is taken from verbal learning principle. According to Ausubel, any subject is a chain of concepts. When we accept these facts (subject matter)
Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay Verbal Learning Verbal learning is imparted when teaching is through talk or lecture. Learning of this type helps in the acquisition of verbal behaviour. The language we speak, the communication devices we use, are the result of such learning.
Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay Introduction Development is a continuous process ensuing multiple changes. Development means growth, adaptation and change over lifetime. Over the years a child acquires mastery of different types of skills more or less in a continuous manner and improved in
Introduction Moral Education is also referred to as character education. The term value education has replaced the term moral education in academic parlance. There is much debate going on about what is value education, whether and why value education should be part of the school
Flashes of Insight Introduction Psychologists have examined the learning process of the child thoroughly and have developed some theories on the basis of these examinations. According to Thorndike, children learns through ‘Trial and Error’. Behaviourists described ‘Conditioning’ as the only way of learning. It is
Sigmund Freud Introduction At the time of birth, human infant is just a biological organism with only animal needs, desires and impulses. He knows nothing about what we call society or social behaviour. As it grows, under the careful guidance of mother it learns to
